The article presents a sociological analysis of trends observed in the demographic sphere amid the transformation towards a welfare state. The impact of these trends on ongoing socio-economic reforms is examined. Furthermore, in the context of social security, national interests related to demographic stability are classified, and the factors hindering their achievement are analyzed using sociological research methods

The search for solutions to problems of social life of the state and society through science is of great importance. The article highlights the results of a study of the role of education and science in the lives of women scientists, their influence on their socialization, as well as the main aspects identified on the basis of determining the characteristics of the social image of women in this field