The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological factors of adaptation of children in early childhood to the conditions of preschool education organization. Based on the analysis of the literature, it is shown that there is a relationship between the conditions of adaptation between boys and girls, the number of children in the family and the duration of the adaptation period. Based on the analysis of psychological-pedagogical literature, practical recommendations were developed for the faster and safer adaptation of the child to the socio-cultural environment of the preschool educational institution aimed at optimizing the adaptation of children to the conditions of the preschool educational institution.