2025. Issue 4.

The article analyzes the experiences of a number of foreign countries in improving leadership in the management system and training leaders who meet the urgent needs of the time in preschool educational organizations. Various aspects of their implementation mechanisms are considered.

The article analyzes the participation of Uzbek women in social and political life during the Soviet period. It examines the “Khudjum” policy, women’s labor, education, and political activity, as well as conflicts with national traditions. The study shows the impact of Soviet modernization on women’s societal status.

This article discusses the essence and psychological characteristics of pedagogical activity. Pedagogical activity is a professional function that plays a significant role in the implementation of the socio-educational goals of society and involves interaction and collaboration between parents, teachers, and students in the educational process. Pedagogical activity promotes the realization of society’s social goals and the transformation of children and adolescents into spiritually educated, socially active citizens.

This article examines the processes of formation and development of historiographical research in Uzbekistan from the 1920s-1930s to the present day. It analyzes the emergence of the first comprehensive works, the establishment of historiography as an independent scientific discipline in the 1950s-1960s, and the creation of the “Historiography” Department at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan in 1968. The article particularly emphasizes the contributions of scholars such as V.V. Lunin, G.I. Zheltova, and F.Kh. Kasimov to the development of historiography. The study explores the methodological improvement of historiography in Uzbekistan, a new stage of scientific research, the disclosure of archival sources,and the enrichment of theoretical approaches.

This article analyzes the gender characteristics of labor motivation, that is, the differences in the internal and external incentives of men and women to work. The article collected data from our research conducted through surveys and observation methods among middle-aged workers and employees. The results showed that for women, social stability, the collective environment, and spiritual values are important factors, while for men, material incentives, career growth, and independence are the leading factors. The research results can be applied in the field of labor psychology and management psychology.

The industrialization of Uzbekistan in the 20th century brought profound transformations to the country’s socio-economic structure. This article provides a historical analysis of how industrial development influenced family labor relations. It examines the redistribution of labor between men and women, the changing economic roles within the family, and the impact of urbanization and social policy on domestic life. The study reveals that industrialization played a crucial role in shaping labor culture and gender roles in Uzbek society.

The article presents a sociological analysis of the integration process of women who have graduated from vocational education institutions into the labor market. Based on the results of an empirical sociological survey, the study identifies the employment status of female vocational education graduates, the main barriers to their employment, as well as social factors influencing the formation of effective employment. Drawing on the research findings, a comprehensive sociological model for ensuring women’s employment has been developed, along with practical recommendations. This model is based on the interrelation of education, social capital, institutional support, and the socio-cultural environment.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the demographic, socio-economic, and institutional factors underlying the high fertility rates observed in Surkhandarya region. In addition, the institutional pressure exerted by high fertility on the healthcare and education systems is assessed, and medium- and long-term demographic forecasts are developed. The findings of the study are of practical significance for decision-making in the fields of territorial social infrastructure planning, reproductive health policy development, and the enhancement of women’s socio-economic participation.

The article analyzes the formation and stages of development of urbanization policy in Uzbekistan after independence. At the same time, attention is paid to state policy on the development of urban infrastructure, the creation of comfortable living conditions for the population, and ensuring a sustainable urban environment. The study analyzes the main
problems in the field of urbanization - financing, lack of infrastructure, ecology, job creation, housing supply, and shortcomings in the state administration system, and puts forward proposals for ways to eliminate them.

The аrticle prоvides а theоreticаl аnd histоricаl аnаlysis оf the tendencies in the fоrmаtiоn оf pоliticаl educаtiоn bаsed оn nаtiоnаl vаlues аs reflected in psychоlоgicаl аnd pedаgоgicаl literаture. The study exаmines scientific аpprоаches, theоries, аnd cоncepts frоm clаssicаl аnd mоdern pedаgоgy аnd psychоlоgy. The аrticle elаbоrаtes оn the stаges оf develоpment оf pоliticаl educаtiоn theоry, the interrelаtiоn between nаtiоnаl vаlues аnd pоliticаl sоciаlizаtiоn, perspectives оf vаriоus pedаgоgicаl schооls оn pоliticаl educаtiоn, аs well аs cоntempоrаry trends — the cоmpetency-bаsed аpprоаch, cоnstructivism, criticаl pedаgоgy, multiculturаlism, аnd digitаl educаtiоn. Drаwing оn Uzbek аnd internаtiоnаl schоlаrly sоurces, the аrticle аnаlyzes the theоreticаl fоundаtiоns, pedаgоgicаl principles, аnd current trends in mоdern psychоlоgicаl аnd pedаgоgicаl science cоncerning pоliticаl educаtiоn bаsed оn nаtiоnаl vаlues.

This article examines the relationship between work culture and professional culture, their characteristics, similarities, and differences. It also discusses the potential for improving work culture through the development of professional culture, identified shortcomings in this area, the causes of problems, ways to address them, the role of young professionals in this process, and proposals and recommendations.

Today, global changes taking place around the world are having a strong impact on the education system not only in our country, but also in all countries. At a new stage of our development, special attention is paid to the issue of education in the country. Establishing close cooperation with the world’s leading scientific and educational institutions, introducing advanced foreign experience into the educational process, especially the work on conducting internships and improving the skills of promising teachers and scientists in leading foreign scientific and educational institutions are urgent issues today. Western civilization has
been experiencing the influence of Eastern spiritual culture for more than a hundred years. The rapprochement and integration of Eastern and Western spirituality should not be spontaneous, but should be a consciously and politically directed activity. The need to educate an enlightened generation, striving to benefit from the spirituality of the East and the West, must not abandon
their own spiritual values, but must preserve them well and move on to the next stages of evolution.

This article analyzes the interrelationship between national-spiritual and modern values and their role in the development of society. The trends of harmonization with modern values, formed in the process of globalization, while preserving national traditions, customs, spiritual heritage, and national identity, are highlighted. Also, the results of research conducted on a global scale are highlighted on the example of several countries.

The sounds of Uzbek weddings can be heard from afar, they are held in a special way. Currently, there is a split in public opinion regarding the issue of rituals in the republic. The article examines the history of organizing national rituals and highlights the public’s advocacy on this matter in the last century.

The article deals with the role of fine arts in the spiritual and moral, artistic and ayesthetic education of a child in the family environment and the issuyes of instilling in his thinking a reverent love for the world of the beautiful, educating him in the spirit of respect for national and universal artistic valuyes. It also deals with the issuyes of ayesthetic sense in a child, understanding the essence of a work of art, distinguishing expressive means used by the artist to describe this or that image, developing the ability to evaluate a work of art.

This article examines the role of women in preschool, primary, secondary, specialized, and vocational education in Uzbekistan, focusing on the historical development of their participation in the educational sphere. Since the early 20th century, women’s involvement in teaching and educational reforms has significantly increased, contributing to improvements in academic
quality and social development. The study highlights the growing engagement of women in pedagogical activities, their influence on teaching and upbringing processes, and historical changes aimed at promoting gender equality in the education system.

This article analyzes the role of the principles of family harmony, formed on the basis of national values, in ensuring the stability of society and spiritual harmony. In it, the customs, traditions, and moral views of the Uzbek people, formed over centuries, are interpreted as a factor strengthening family harmony, mutual respect, tolerance, and patience. The article also
scientifically substantiates the need to preserve national values in the context of modern globalization, instill a culture of compromise in the minds of young people, and strengthen the spiritual immunity of the family. As a result, national values were assessed as the foundation of the principles of family harmony and a guarantee of social stability.

the article analyzes the psychological, pedagogical and social foundations of the formation of creative thinking in student youth, its historical development, practical manifestations and its role in the development of modern society.